Wednesday, October 15, 2014

Forensic evidence in the JFK assassination

Watch the following documentary, which focuses on the forensic evidence of the JFK assassination.

Often, science is granted "epistemic authority"; that is, it is considered more valid than other kinds of knowledge.

Do you find any of these examples of forensic evidence more convincing than other evidence from the assassination case? Does the fact that experts often disagree over the forensic evidence affect your sense of the "epistemic authority" of scientific knowledge?


25 comments:

  1. It was pretty funny in this video that they debunked the theory that JFK was shot from the sewers. It is such an outragouse conspiracy that it is funny theyd even mention it. Their explanation of the magic bullet was interesting and seems like it could be true. It is pretty messed up that there is 2 different reports by the government that contradict each other. Shows hows disorganized and conspiring the US is. Which report has been tampered with or been created for purposes other than finding the truth? I'd say the Warren Report but who knows. You also have to wonder if the secret service made sure that the doctors didnt follow their normal procedures that is why there is no xray or drawing to distort the truth. Furthermore, it is so suspicious that JFK's Xray of his head had been tampered with. I hope one day through the improvement in forensic science that the truth about this case will come to light like who Jack the ripper was.

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  2. The video is stating the causes of conspiracy based on the investigations and evidences collected for the JFK assassination. The video has provided us with many false information and careless handling of the evidences right after the incident by the Warren commission, like cleaning the blood from the limousine and also getting the Governors clothes dry cleaned and also problems with the autopsy that was laid to the citizens by the government. The video corresponds to chapter 2 of the “The JFK assassination debates.” Different problems with the autopsy are stated, for instance; the autopsy was not done by the pathologist that were trained for gunshot wounds but by the hospital pathologist that were trained for cancer and other diseases. The regular autopsy photographer was not allowed in and the pastures that were taken were taken in by FBI and also the brain was not dissected properly. There were no diagrams of entry and exit wound which could have helped to provide evidence to lone assassin or a conspiracy was involved in the murder of the president. According to me, the results of autopsy were mended to provide evidence of the lone assassin theory that Oswald was the murderer and there were only three shots that were short from Oswald’s gun declining the magic bullet theory and which also made easier for them to close the case without having to do the hard work which could have been resulted from the real investigations and autopsy results.

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  3. In todays modern age we rely heavily on science, and the basis of science is the idea that experimentation matched with observation will lead to the definitive truth. Clearly, as this documentary suggest, it can be more complicated than that. The over-arching theme of the documentary is that one group of people are able to prove this while, another group of people prove otherwise. Both sides may be scientifically, statistically and logically sound but cannot be proven without a doubt. The underlying message that the documentary was also after was that the general public still does not have all the facts. Even after the release of four million pages of evidence, the government is still withholding documents pertaining to the assassination. This secrecy, along with the poor handling of evidence only feeds the conspiracy theorists.

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  4. One of the biggest things fuelling the conspiracy theories is that these so called 'professionals' of the field would make such reckless mistakes while investigating one of the highest profile murders in history. It seems that every single aspect of the case was mishandled by various people from various organizations, making the conclusions of their findings questionable. The video presented evidence suggesting that the magic bullet could in fact have caused the damage that it did, but did not touch on the reasons as to why the bullet came out practically unscathed. Even a simpleton such as myself has the sense to ensure that a crime scene is not tampered with. Heck when somebody hit the front end of my car, I didn’t wash it to keep all of the scuff marks present to ensure that all of the evidence was there. And here we have central intelligence agents cleaning up the blood from the murder of the President of the United States of America. It’s mindboggling that something that stupid actually happened. Whether it was all part of a cover up cannot be proven, but its sheer stupidity seems to stand out the most in this case to me. The recording from the police officer that suggests that five shots were fired is very difficult to believe (at least for me). The low quality of the recording made it difficult for me to hear anything outside of the static. I understand that the professionals have analyzed the recording thoroughly, but it seems to me that the low quality of the evidence makes any findings that come out of it less credible. But then again I have no credentials to reasonably question the work of these people.

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  5. Forensic evidence is given more credibility than other evidence since it can be tested and in way is presented as more factual than other evidence collected. For example when making a case for a conspiracy theory to show forensic evidence of how JFK’s skull was tampered with, seems more believable than stating that witnesses heard shots from the glassy knolls because it is more ‘scientific’. The forensic evidence in the film about the JFK assassination all point in the same direction. The evidence concludes how there are discrepancies in the investigation conducted which leads to a conspiracy. Even though the film mentions that there are critics, the critics are never highlighted and if they are mentioned they are usually individuals who have a connection with the assassination case. Through this the “epistemic authority” of the knowledge presented by the experts doesn’t seem questionable. If the critics were also trained experts in the forensic field then their opposition would seem creditable but since none of them were mentioned, the experts’ findings provided legitimacy. In the film the only experts that disagreed about a theory was about the magic bullet theory and how if it was possible or not. Other than that the film didn’t really portray experts having different points of views, they all concluded that the investigation wasn’t handled properly and crucial forensic evidence was comprised. Varying points of view on an issue such as evidence from JFK assassination for me doesn’t discredit the scientific findings since science is about constantly examining and researching, if a new point is found it’s brought up and more research is done. Conflicting views are always found in the sciences and it’s the way that science continues to change.

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  6. One thing that strikes me each time I watch something about the JFK assassination is the fact that Lee Harvey Oswald was arrested and convicted so quickly after the assassination. Like Dr. Lee mentioned at the end of the film was that it comforts us to know that we have done our best to answer questions, and after answering the questions, we need to "close the book" and move forward. I will never be convinced that the investigators involved in the case in '63 did their best. Had they done their best, they would have continued to look for evidence, or look for clues leading to more than one suspect. It took decades for people to start looking for harder evidence against the lone gunman theory.
    Personally, I have no doubt that LHO had a hand in this assassination, but I do not believe that he did it alone. I am sure that I am not the only one who believes this. This being said, the magic/single bullet theory was supported by somebody who did actual physical research on the matter. Sometimes, physics and other modes of written science are not suitable to be accepted. Sometimes, experimentation needs to be done. This is why there are so many conflicts between theorists; some experiment and test the limits of evidence, and others give black and white absolutist answers that either support or falsify the evidence. The truth is, different conspiracy theories are manufactured and restructured day after day about the JFK case, and as long as those are brought into light, we will never find a concrete answer.
    One alarming detail that was brought up in this video as well as in Kurtz's novel, is that the limo was not treated as a crime scene. Blood spatter patterns that were crucial to the investigation were cleaned off, the limo was cleaned entirely, and the limo was not left in its place. Had the investigation been carried out rightfully, they would have called an ambulance with trained medical staff, who would have handled the body properly, detectives could have photographed the limo and surrounding vehicles, and trajectories could have been tested based on raw testimony given by the witnesses. The most important thing to note, however, is that this was not done. The evidence was not handled properly.
    The epistemic authority of science is questionable in this situation. Several different scientists who look at ballistics, the human body, and physics in different ways are studying this case. Where one scientist can say "This is absolutely impossible" one may say that "This is plausible, because...". I feel as if the authority of science will only become reliable when all sciences band together and agree on one theory.

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  7. All in all, I found this documentary to be a lot more interesting then other JFK documentaries. It was very organized and believable, and every 'theory' was backed up by a professional with evidence that supported it. With things like the sound experts who listened to the recording made by the police officer and they determined that there were 4-5 shots, I was shocked that the government or the officials of the case dismissed that as wrong. It is almost offensive to people in the field of sound analysis considering they specialize in that. There are many pieces of evidence presented that it seems officials ignore. And i'm not sure if it's because they are embarrassed of how the case was handled at the time, or if they would much rather 'drop it' and blame Oswald. This show really provoked thought at how much wrong-doings were done during this case, and it makes you question everything that happened. How is it a coincidence that there were so many unprofessional mistakes made in investigating most significant crimes in history? I think it is great that after time, people are still presenting theories. Sometimes it takes a fresh outlook to solve things, but then again, maybe this crime has already been solved. It also makes you wonder if a president was assassinated in 2014 having the technology today, if it would be more clear as to who was the assassin.

    -Jordan Walker

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  8. I am actually shocked on how the film explains the magic bullet theory. If the bullet was tumbling its speed would have been reduced and possibly making the bullet stay intact instead of disintegrating. The one thing that boggles my mind is how the US government have two conflicting reports. You would think at least the government could agree somewhat. Also you think the US government could have kept the original case files a little more securely rather than saying “oh yeah some people took the originals as souvenirs”. This is the evidence for the assassination of a president and you lose the originals? Makes you think what happens on a regular case. The disagreeing of the experts troubles me because both sides make compelling arguments so who do you believe? The sad part is we will never get the truth on what happened on that day.

    Jon Bowerman

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  9. After watching the video the two piece's of evidence that I find interesting are, the radio recording, and the "doctored" x-ray photo's. The radio recording is pretty convincing as it is the one piece of evidence that does not indicate that it had been tampered with. I believe that there were in fact 4 shots to the presidents from two shooters. However the radio recording claims there is 5 shots, since the recording technology at the time wasn't prestine, I think the 5th shot could be just an echo. I liked how they showed x rays taken in the present time and showed them doctored proving just how easy it would have been for someone to do it in the past. The final piece that I found interesting was the explanation of the magic bullet theory, in this video they dipict events that could have mad it possible that the bullet went through both men without sustaining damage to the bullet, however I am still not convinced this could have happened in real life. The fact that the different experts have contradicting theories/beliefs does not influence my stance on the validity of the evidence. Every investigator is going to have an opinion on what happened, the fact that they disagree doesn't mean that evidence isnt valid. I think the differing of opinions help to keep an open mind when we are examining the evidence. If we are not open to knew ideas about the evidence then it is possible that a close mind will never get the correct answer.

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  10. Radios aren’t always the most reliable for transmitting accurate auditory evidence, especially police evidence. The radio contains a lot of static as well as all other sounds in Delay Plaza, we cannot be certain there are 5 shots like some people claim. I feel the radio is a very weak form of evidence. The autopsy evidence has always been very controversial. Many doctors claim different results from the autopsy based on the entrance or exit wounds. With this is mind protocol was poorly followed throughout all of JFK’s assassination case. I am skeptical with the official autopsy report that the Warren Commission released. The fact that the autopsy was so poorly completed with incompetent people leads me to questions the official results. The idea that government or FBI would alter the evidence is unsettling, but not shocking. The official Warren Commission report concerning the autopsy is unreliable. Many doctors have given conflicting statements regarding the autopsy evidence effect the validity of the autopsy evidence, which is one of the biggest pieces of evidence in this case. The magic bullet is the most unconvincing evidence given by the Warren Commission. The bullet pathway, the finding, and mishandling of bullet 399 I feel is too many impossible situations. These days our science has greatly improved and may allow us to better understand the assassination case, but we will never be a hundred percent sure who assassinated John F. Kennedy.

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  11. In this video I liked how they explained the magic bullet in different detail. The diagram they presented certainly made more sense than ones I've seen previously and the trajectory certainly does make sense. However with that said I did notice that the film made absolutely no mention of the perfect condition in which the bullet had been found. This also brought to light how bafflingly badly the forensic side of the investigation had been carried out. Between the lack of autopsy photos to the cleaned bloodstains in the car It is actually really quite believable that the investigation was mishandled on purpose. I did enjoy that the video felt it needed to take the time in order to disprove the sewer theory when that theory held little to no weight as far as anyone is concerned. The doctored x-rays did not surprise me as photo's of the back of Kennedy's head had already been shown to have experienced a measure of tampering. If the introduction of modern forensics, and the opinions of the assorted professionals have done anything, they have convinced me that the warren commission utterly failed at its task conspiracy or no.

    Evan Whitney

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  12. I though that Dr. Thomas’s research on the recording from the police motorcycle rather interesting. I found the research rather convincing in that he identified five sounds that could be gunshots. This information debunking the lone gunman theory, as it would suggest that Oswald did not fire two of those shots. Although there are arguments among experts that the officer on the motorbike was not close enough, and that the sounds heard are echoes, I still found the entomologist’s research to be convincing.

    The explanation of the magic bullet and the possibility that it could be true was less convincing to me than the idea that it couldn’t be. Dr. John Lattimer explained that it was possible for the bullet to turn when going through Kennedy’s neck, to strike Connolly in a certain way. He did not; however, explain how the bullet could then go through Connolly’s wrist, then his left thigh, and then fall out at the hospital. I could wrap my head around the bullet striking Connolly in the back after exiting Kennedy’s neck, but find it hard to believe that it could go any further.

    I would say that I do generally adhere to the idea that scientific evidence should be considered more valid than other kinds of knowledge. Although there are contradictory statements trying to disprove the conspiratorial evidence of the motorcycle recording and the magic bullet, I still find this evidence to seem more credible.

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  13. I personally find the evidence from the movie more convincing since it illustrates and uses diagrams and pictures to fully example the concepts and puts you in a first person perspective instead of just trying to have to figure it out through details. The evidence from the movie also has multiple people some who are fully dedicated to the JFK case. I would love to say that the opinions of experts are not overriding mine but the truth is that the more individuals whom provide clear evidence and can support that evidence with either forensic or any other way are beginning to seem more believable like the video said over 80 percent of the population believes that the JFK assassination was a conspiracy. I also found it interesting that they felt the need to wipe down the limo before anyone could look at it which really in my opinion makes them look extremely guilty. After watching this video i personally believe that there was a shooter by the fence all because of the recorded audio which shows that there were indeed four shots taken. I really hope one day we do finally find out the truth whether it is through someone on their death bed or through forensic science.

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  14. The video is discussing the forensic evidence in the case of the assassination of John F. Kennedy, and the differing theories that have risen from this evidence. The video illustrates validity and is therefor increasingly convincing in some of its allegations. I found analysis of the audio recording extremely convincing, it is unjust to negate seemingly groundbreaking information in the case's determination. It was also interesting to hear the magic bullet theory explained in regards of the anti-conspiratorial side. Before learning more about the behaviour of the bullet, and its rotation after leaving the test dummy, proved interesting. Before seeing this information i perceived the magic bullet theory as completely irrational. I don't believe the disagreements over forensic evidence as dampening to science's epistemic authority. I think the disagreements come from lack of protocol in the collection of evidence. If the evidence collected hadn't potentially been falsified, experts in this field would be able to come to a consensus over this evidence.

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  15. One radio recording has caused so much controversy; it is hard to say whether or not it is four shots of five. You would think that experts, today, would easily be able to detect the differences between the actual shots and the echo’s. Both seem like valid points but to the untrained ear it is difficult to even hear the difference. I think this would only become a convincing piece of evidence if everyone agreed on it, however, this is just not the case. This along with other controversial evidence gives me the feeling that we probably won’t ever know who was involved in the JFK assassination.

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  16. I found this video very interesting. I found that the recordings were very interesting because you can’t actually tell if the sounds were of a gunshot. First they said that there were 4 shots and then they said that there were 5 shots. Although, they didn’t even know if the sounds on the tapes came from gunshots. This video provides many examples of the carless mishandlings of evidence right after the assignation. Some examples of the mishandlings are the cleaning of the blood from the limousine, the autopsy not done by professionals and no x-rays were done. I found it interesting that the regular autopsy photographer was questioned as to why he was in the room. I also found it interesting that there were no diagrams done of the entry and exit wounds. I feel that there were many mistakes and careless mishandlings of evidence that went on in the investigation; which, then lead to the theory of the lone assassin. We will never truly know what actually happened.

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  17. As like most video's we've watched thus far, more counter evidence is exposed to try and dispel the widely accepted theory or tale of events. From the autopsy that oddly had over detailed information pertaining to the location of where the shooter was located, to the 4/5 shot theory. Although I'm no expert in acoustics, one question I remember asking myself how they could decipher where a fourth or fifth bullet may have come from simply based on acoustic noises that may or may not be from a gun. As stated in the video crime scene investigators only have one shot to get it right. I have no doubt mistakes were made, and they didn't get it completely right. However, the counter evidence as convincing and compelling as it is, doesn't quite do enough to sway me in the other direction. Like most people I don't know exactly what happened and most likely never will.

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  18. I found this video to have more backed up evidence than expected. They provided examples, personal opinions on the matter, and evidence to back up what they thought. Some agreed with certain aspects of a conspiracy, some didn't, and some believed only some. I appreciated the way that the magic bullet theory was explained. I could not understand how one bullet could cause so much damage, but with the help of the very diagram it became clearer. Pointing out that the bullet probably starting to turn after Kennedy and the fact that when it hit next it was sideways was very detailed. They pointed out that the shape of the whole in the jacket matches the theory of the turning bullet. I am still not quite sure about the "magic bullet" theory, but it did go some ways to make it clearer and more plausible in my mind. Also, the mistakes that were made over and over again are astonishing. Touching and tampering with evidence, not following proper procedures... I am sure that it was definitely shocking what happened and that might allow for a few minor mistakes, but there were too many big mistakes like cleaning the car, not having the proper doctors attend to Kennedy's body, handling the rifle. It almost seems, to me, that there is a possibility that some of these may be on purpose. If there is a conspiracy, these could be further acts to cover up. Unfortunately though, there is so much that has been lost with time, so much we may never know about what truly happened in the assassination of Kennedy.

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  19. I think that the evidence was more believable in this video because of the modern experts dealing the topic and evidence they have to work with now. Even though the conclusion the modern experts make would be a lot more efficient if some of the evidence was kept locked up so it couldn't suddenly disappear. There was a lot of examples in the video that showed well worked out evidence that was never brought up before. Like how the scientists showed the density of a normal brain with bone and tissue then showed the distorted JFK brain x ray. The manipulated x ray of JFK is evident because of the higher density where the brain should of been, but it was altered to show that there was only one gun shot that entered the brain to supply evidence to the single bullet theory. I also really liked how they showed what the Warren commission's final conclusion were and either backed it up with decent evidence or the video showed contracting evidence that looked reliable. I like how they showed evidence that was never even thought of or explored when the situation actually happened. Example: how they had to test all of the finger prints of the people who just picked up the gun and bullets without the forensics testing it first. Or how the secret service cleaned up the blood in the limo. That could of been great evidence for which way the shots were fired according to the blood splattered. Yes, the fact that todays experts disagree with the evidence affects my knowledge of the case because personally I think that todays evidence is more believable, even with the lack of evidence because we have higher technology and more experts that need not as much evidence to come up with a better conclusion than what they had back when the case was fresh.

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  20. I think that the evidence for both the conspiracy theory and lone gun man theory in this video are both believable since both sides presents supporting evidence, mostly based on science, to support their claims about JFK assassination. It's really interesting on how the video shows the Warren commission's claim about the assassination and how it is supported by evidences from experts and professionals which makes sense when supported by scientific explanations. Opposite to the Warren commission's claim is the House Association Committee's claim that the assassination of JFK involved conspiracy. According to the House Association Committee, there were 4 shots fired during the crime and one shot came from the grassy knoll. Even though the House Committee provides some evidences for this claim, it did not overrule the Warren Commission's claim that there were only 3 shots(all fired by Lee Harvey Oswald). It's really interesting on how there were two official government claims that contradict each other (lone gunman theory vs. conspiracy theory).
    I also really liked how this video has a lot of evidences and opinion, supporting either the lone gunman theory or the conspiracy theory, which I did not find in other videos of JFK assassination. In general, this video do not possess any biased claim since it provide evidences for both the lone gunman theory and conspiracy theory. The only evidence in this video that bothered me is the evidence from the radio recording. I think that the radio from one of the police officer is not a really strong support for the conspiracy claim since according to the video, the sound of the radio was not really clear and the position of the police officer who had the video was not close to Kennedy. I also think that the Warren Commission makes sense that some of the gun shots that was heard from the radio could be just an echo from the real gun shots.
    Since all of the evidences from both sides in this video provides a strong argument of what really happened, it makes it hard for me to choose what theory should I really believe in.

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  21. Although I must admit that compared to many films we’ve previously watched, this film presents more explanations for several different aspects relating the assassination of JFK, however, it doesn’t provide a direction in the overall structure of the film. In other words, it still doesn’t answer any questions. I say this because a vast majority of the beginning of the film is dedicated to the amount of shots fired and the evidence behind that theory, while the end is dedicated to the single bullet theory; only resulting in more knowledge about two completely opposite sides of the spectrum. Was Lee Harvey Oswald really a lone gunman supporting the magic bullet theory, or was it a conspiracy where more than one gunman was present? The supporting facts behind each theory all seem to have credible arguments which were all made possible due to modern forensics. This film focuses primarily on the physical evidence with modern investigating techniques that were not accessible during the time of the assassination. As I mentioned earlier, this film has several explanations, however, it is very contradicting. Dr. David Mantics’ investigation suggests that two bullets were responsible for the killing of JFK; his evidence also states that the autopsy of JFK’s brain was tampered with; while the magic bullet theory according to Dr. John K. Lattimer, was a single bullet that due to it’s purpose to kill several soldiers at once, was responsible for killing JFK as well as Governor Connally. This film does an exceptional job of explaining both theories as well as providing convincing arguments; however, because there are two contradicting explanations in this film, I can’t say that it affects my view of this topic as it doesn’t answer any questions; in fact, it probably has raised more questions. How is it that evidence supports both theories even though only one of them can be true? This film has the least amount of bias compared to the past films as it supports theories on both sides; conspiracy or not. Despite the bullet controversy, I agree with this film when it mentions that the investigators have mishandled the situation and evidence, and that the skull was altered with because I do believe that a medical cover up was conducted to hide a conspiracy. Although this films explanations of the theories did not affect my opinion, this film did add to my suspicion of a conspiracy as I find it interesting that there are two government official stories that contradict each other, as well as the many records not available to the public.

    Regarding epistemic authority, the fact that experts often disagree with forensic evidence does not affect my view on it. I think that many experts disagree because they don’t have the evidence to support the theory that they believe in. This film did a great job regarding epistemic authority regardless of the contradictions reason being the physical evidence they used to support their explanations added validity to their arguments; unlike the previous films which were notorious for only mentioning the theory but not providing any supporting arguments. I believe evidence is crucial in making a conclusion, so I have a difficult time believing in ideas which lack evidence, regardless of whether it was announced by an expert. I believe that if the limo wasn’t cleaned up, if the bullet Ce-399 was tested, if the copies of documents in the National Archives weren’t copies, it might be possible to discover the truth of JFK’s assassination using modern forensics. Considering the official reports written by commissioners and “experts”, it is evident that being an expert or an official can’t compete with supporting evidence. The only aspects that can be competing is the explanation of the evidence found.

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  22. After finishing this video a lot of my assumptions & beliefs were countered. Specifically the magic bullet theory made me question if it was a conspiracy because there aren’t any contradictions with physics and the single bullet theory could be possible. The physical impact that the bullet left on JFK and Connally coincide with the movements of the bullet that were described in this video. In terms of the acoustic evidence I agree with the explanation that echoes were responsible for the peaks that appeared on the wav spectrum. As an individual that produces music from my own personal knowledge the difference in the decibels indicates that the waves would have had to have the same amplitude as the first shot. In my opinion I find the magic bullet theory the most convincing because it has strong evidence, specifically with physics. Since this countered my initial belief that it was a conspiracy I’m more open to other explanations as long as it has hard evidence. The fact that experts are challenging epistemic authority doesn’t change me opinion on matters but having evidence can really alter my perception on things. For example experts say that the magic bullet theory wasn’t conceivable however the fact that the doctor was able reenact the assassination only involving one bullet (the same bullet accused of killing JFK & harming Connally) showcases that my opinion can be altered by hard evidence.

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  23. After watching this video, I was presented with evidence that I haven’t fully understood or realized the full extent to its importance to the assassination. Some evidence like how the expert tested the Carcano bullet and its tendency to tumble after hitting an object supported the idea of the magic bullet theory and made it seem really plausible. While other evidence such as the acoustical evidence didn’t quite seem to add up. The spikes presented in the video were almost identical as the echoes which tell me that it isn’t reliable evidence. That in mind, The House Select Committee on assassinations did however considered it as reliable evidence which resulted in their conclusion of 4 or more shots unlike in the Warren Commission. Another evidence that intrigued me is the bullet fragments on top of Kennedy’s skull versus the written autopsy reports of fragments on the back of his skull. If the xrays are indeed altered to support the lone gunman theory, it further acknowledges the fact that a conspiracy did occur. Although science is granted “epistemic authority” it is difficult to determine anything as the absolute truth because there will always be the tiniest amount of exception. Experts always disagree on every idea because we cannot disregard other possibilities. The fact that I cannot hold for certain the assurance of scientific evidence leads me to believe that there will always be other possibilities out there and we cannot rely on science alone to solve the assassination of JFK.

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  24. After watching this video, I realized how important forensic evidence is and how easily it can be missed or tampered with; and in doing so, can really affect an investigation. This video was a lot better presented in comparison to a few other video’s I have seen. Lee Harvey Oswald was convicted of the assassination in the JFK case. He was accused of being the “Lone Gunman”, and how no one else was involved in the assassination. After watching the video, i’m starting to have second thoughts. I believe he definitely was “one”, yes “one” of the shooters but I do not believe he was the only one involved. A theory that caught my attention was the “Magic Bullet Theory”, that was pretty interesting. Dr. David Mantics explains that two bullets were what caused the death of JFK, whereas Dr. John Lattimer argues that only one bullet killed the Late president. He explains how shooting that "one” bullet was a tactic use to killed more than one individual at the same time. But if only one person acted in the shooting of JFK, then how come the bullet wounds and shell casings show otherwise?

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